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Abstract
We preconcentrate 2 M LiTFSI in 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide inside nanoporous alumina (Al2O3) layer so-called concentrated lithium semi-solid layer on Cu current collector for anode-free Li-metal NMC90 batteries. This concept lowers the activation energy for lithium-ion transport and reduces nucleation overpotential, enhancing cycling stability.